Bovine leukemia virus INFECTION — DIAGNOSTICS, ERADICATION, AND ANTHROPOZOONOTIC POTENTIAL (BACKGROUND) (review)

Of tumor diseases in the global animal husbandry industry, greatest danger is bovine leukemia. Since last century, this neoplastic disease has remained relevant for veterinary medicine and, addition, more and questions arise concerning potential threat of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) humans. The problem being discussed (G.Yu. Kosovskiy et al., 2016) which additionally stimulates both fundamental research pathogen pathology, as well methods detection to improve dairy cattle breeding safety. A number publications are devoted BLV prevalence, peculiarities, prospects improving health welfare based on selection vaccines developed world (S.G. Hopkins 1997; M.A. Juliarena 2017). In our report, we retrospectively compare experience eradication USSR, Russia abroad, focusing possible role occurrence cancer practice, serological tests, i.e., immunodiffusion (ID) assay agar gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) mostly used detect infection. G.C. Buehring al. (2019) reported proviral DNA blood leukocytes 38 % patients examined by PCR sequencing. IgG antibodies were detected 32 %, IgM — 58 IgA samples tested. Accumulated data indicate metabolic changes BLV-positive animals, e.g., disorder metabolism tryptophan, a critical essential acid, leading accumulation dangerous endogenous metabolites body. Particularly, free indole anthranilic acid increased level 4-8-fold deposited organs immune hematopoietic system (lymph nodes, spleen, liver), mammary gland, lungs, kidneys. It been established that milk leukemic animals differs from healthy cows terms physicochemical, bacteriological (lysozyme), technological parameters mineral composition. C57 mice fed with pasteurized heat-treated meat ID-positive cows, cell profile changed. Available drive unambiguous conclusion products derived BLV-infected pose an risk Despite lack convincing evidence pathogenicity humans, concerns about etiological occurance humans necessitates continuing control common oncogenic retro-virus livestock farms.